The AD623ARZ is a high-precision, low-power instrumentation amplifier widely used in medical, industrial, and consumer electronics. It’s lauded for its high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR), low offset voltage, and low power consumption. However, when used in low-voltage circuits, the AD623ARZ often fails to perform as expected, leading to distorted or inadequate signal amplification. Understanding why this happens and how to work around these limitations is crucial for engineers designing low-voltage applications.